AL · payroll profile

Alabama

Everything an out-of-state employer needs before running a Alabama payroll: what to withhold, which form the employee signs, whether reciprocity applies, and who to register with.

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Personal income tax
Graduated to 5%
Reciprocal agreements
None
SUI wage base 2026
$8,000
Local income taxes
Yes

Income tax withholding

Imposes wage income tax Yes
Rate structure Graduated, top marginal rate 5%
Withholding certificate A-4
Employee's Withholding Tax Exemption Certificate
Accepts federal Form W-4 No
Convenience-of-the-employer rule No
Nonresident withholding threshold 30 days
Effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2026 (L.2025, HB379), a nonresident who works in Alabama less than 30 days in a calendar year is exempt from Alabama income tax and withholding, provided the employee works in more than one state during the year and the employee's home state provides a substantially similar exemption or imposes no income tax. Does not apply to professional athletes, entertainers, or public figures.
Local income taxes Yes
Municipal occupational license taxes are withheld by employers in a number of cities (e.g., Birmingham 1%, Gadsden 2%, Auburn 1%). These are city-administered, not administered by the Alabama Department of Revenue, and are NOT covered by any state-level exemption.

Reciprocity

States that exempt Alabama residents

A Alabama resident working in these states files that state's certificate and is taxed only by Alabama.

Unemployment insurance and paid leave

Taxable wage base 2026 $8,000
2025 base was $8,000.
New employer rate 2.7%
0.20%-6.80% is the statutory range across Alabama's four rate schedules per ADOL; US DOL ETA reports 0.20%-5.40% for the schedule actually in effect for January 2026. A 0.06% Employment Security Enhancement Assessment (ESA) and any shared-cost charge apply on top of the experience rate.
Experience rate range 0.2% – 6.8%
Experience-rating method benefit ratio
Employee UI contribution No
Paid family / medical leave No

Employer registration

Tax agency
Alabama Department of Revenue
UI agency
Alabama Department of Labor

Sources

revenue.alabama.gov · taxfoundation.org · huschblackwell.com · oui.doleta.gov · oui.doleta.gov · oui.doleta.gov · adol.alabama.gov

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This is a determination aid, not advice. StateSide encodes published state rules and applies them mechanically to the facts you enter. It does not know your entity structure, your nexus history, your equity compensation, or the dozens of exceptions that turn a clean rule into a judgement call. Every determination cites the state source it came from — verify against that source, and take anything consequential to a payroll tax professional before you act on it.